What does it
actually mean?

Energinet's small amount per kWh, deducted when you send power out to the grid. It covers the cost of keeping consumption and production in balance in the power system.

See also Selling priceRead about electricity prices in GridZeno

The company that pays you for the power you send out. It doesn't have to be your electricity supplier. The buyer's trading fee is deducted, so your choice determines your selling price.

See also Selling priceRead where you choose your buyer

What you actually pay for a kWh from the grid: spot price, grid tariff, Energinet's tariffs, electricity tax and your electricity supplier's markup, all including VAT. GridZeno works it out once you have chosen your grid company.

See also Selling price, Spot priceSee a worked example of the buying price

Denmark's two price areas. DK1 is west of the Great Belt (Storebælt), DK2 is east of it. Each has its own spot price, and the difference can be considerable in the same hour.

Read about electricity prices in GridZeno

The company you buy your power from, and which sends you the bill. Not the same as the grid company. You can switch electricity supplier freely, but not grid company.

See also Supplier markup (tillæg), Buyer of surplus power

The state's tax per kWh you buy. It's set by law and is the same whoever you buy power from.

See also Buying priceRead about Energinet's tariffs and the electricity tax

An amount per kWh deducted when you send power out to the grid. Both Energinet and your grid company charge one. That's why you get less than the raw spot price.

See also Selling priceRead about electricity prices in GridZeno

The company that owns the cables in your area. You can't choose it, because it follows your address, and it determines your grid tariff.

What your local grid company charges to carry the power to your home. Often different hour by hour, with a more expensive period in the late afternoon.

See also Grid company, Peak loadSee the grid tariffs for 2026

The grid tariff's middle time of day in Tarifmodel 3.0: 06:00 to 17:00 and 21:00 to 24:00, every day. From October to March, high load typically costs twice as much as in summer.

See also Low load, Peak load, Tarifmodel 3.0See the times for high load

The grid tariff's cheapest time of day in Tarifmodel 3.0: 00:00 to 06:00, every day, weekends too. Low load costs the same all year.

See also High load, Peak load, Tarifmodel 3.0See the times for low load

An electricity price below zero. The spot price goes below zero, typically on sunny and windy days with more power than consumption. Selling power can then cost money, and GridZeno can stop selling and charge the battery from the grid. The buying price rarely goes below zero, because tariffs and tax are added on top.

See also Stop selling at negative prices, Grid chargingRead about negative prices and solar panels

The grid tariff's most expensive time of day in Tarifmodel 3.0: 17:00 to 21:00, every day, when the grid is most heavily loaded. From October to March, peak load often costs more than twice as much as in summer.

See also Low load, High load, Tarifmodel 3.0See the times of peak load

What you get for a kWh you send out: the spot price minus the feed-in tariff, the balancing tariff and the buyer's markup. The deductions include VAT. The selling price is almost always below the buying price in the same quarter hour.

See also Buying price, Buyer of surplus powerRead what you get for surplus power

The raw market price of electricity, set the day before for each quarter hour. It's rarely the price you pay: tariffs, tax and VAT come on top.

See also Buying price, Selling priceRead about the electricity price quarter hour by quarter hour

The electricity supplier's own amount per kWh on top of the spot price. GridZeno includes it once you have chosen your electricity contract. We don't include the fixed monthly subscription in the kWh price, because it's the same no matter how much you use.

See also Buying priceRead about electricity prices in GridZeno

Energinet's national charge for running the power system. The same for everyone in Denmark and added on top of your own grid company's tariff, not instead of it.

Read about Energinet's tariffs and the electricity tax

The division of the grid tariff into low load, high load and peak load that most grid companies have used since 2023. Not all follow it, and some have the same price around the clock.

See also Low load, High load, Peak loadSee the times in Tarifmodel 3.0

Energinet's charge for the main high-voltage grid. Also national, and also on top of the local tariff.

Read about Energinet's tariffs and the electricity tax

When the inverter turns down solar production because the power can be neither used, stored nor sold: the battery is full and selling has stopped. Shows in the graphs as a production day that suddenly flattens out.

See also Sale limitRead about the graphs

The small device that plugs into the inverter's RS485 port. It measures the system every 5 seconds, fetches the plan from GridZeno and carries it out on the inverter. If it loses its connection, it follows the plan it has, or lets the inverter run on its own, as you have chosen under Automatic.

See also Modbus, RS485See the GridZeno Dongle

An inverter that handles both solar panels and a battery. It's through the inverter that GridZeno controls the battery.

See also InverterSee which inverters GridZeno fits

The power you buy from the grid because the sun and the battery don't cover your consumption.

The brain of the system. It converts the panels' direct current into the alternating current your house and the grid use, and on a hybrid system it also controls the battery.

See also Hybrid inverter

kW is power: how fast electricity is flowing right now. kWh is energy: how much has flowed over time. A 2 kW oven switched on for half an hour uses 1 kWh.

The solar system's rated power: what the panels deliver under ideal test conditions. A 10 kWp system rarely produces 10 kW in practice.

The language the dongle uses to talk to your inverter. An old and very widespread industrial standard, and the reason the dongle can read and control without going through the manufacturer's cloud.

See also GridZeno Dongle

The inverter's input for a solar string. An inverter with two MPPT inputs can handle two groups of panels facing different directions, independently of each other.

See also Solar string

The highest power the inverter is built to deliver. The dongle reads it directly from the inverter, so you don't have to look it up in a manual.

Read about system data

The physical data port on the inverter that the dongle plugs into. It's a communication port, not a power connection.

Read how the dongle is plugged in

The power that goes from your system out to the public grid, because you neither use nor store it. You get the selling price for it.

See also Selling price, Sale limit

The most power your system may sell to the grid. It's set in the inverter, usually by the installer, and the dongle reads it so the plan knows what can be sold. If it's set to zero, the system sells nothing.

See also Curtailment, Negative electricity price, Limit the saleRead about selling to the grid in the user guide

The share of your solar power you use yourself, straight away or later from the battery, instead of sending it out to the grid.

See also Self-sufficiency

How much of your consumption you covered without buying power. 80 % means that four out of five kWh came from your own system.

See also Self-consumptionRead about the reports

The meter or current clamp at the house's fuse box that tells the inverter what goes in and out of the house. It isn't the same as the grid company's electricity meter. Without it, GridZeno can show your production but not your consumption.

Read about the journey from order to operation

A group of solar panels that are connected together and face the same way. If you have panels on two roof faces, you typically have two strings, and they must be set up separately for the forecast to be right.

See also MPPTRead about the forecast

How much energy the battery can hold, in kWh. The dongle reads it from the inverter when it starts.

Read about system data

The lowest state of charge the battery may go down to. You choose it yourself, and it's also written to the inverter, so it holds even if the dongle loses power.

See also State of chargeRead about the battery's limits

One full charge and discharge of the battery, or several small ones that add up to one. A battery lasts a certain number of cycles, so unnecessary cycles wear it.

See also Wear, StrategyRead about losses and wear

When the battery gives off power, to your own consumption or out to the grid. The opposite of charging.

How much of what you put into the battery you get back out. Typically around 90 percent. The rest turns into heat. That's why a price spread isn't pure profit.

See also WearRead about losses and wear

How full the battery is, in percent. Also called SOC, short for state of charge. GridZeno enforces your limits for it in the inverter's own settings.

See also Battery reserveRead about the battery's limits

What one kWh through the battery costs in wear. GridZeno only buys and sells when the price difference covers both the loss in the battery and the wear. You can set the amount yourself.

See also Efficiency, CycleRead where you set the amount for wear

The main switch for the control. In Automatic the dongle carries out the plan on the inverter. In Manual GridZeno shows the plan, but the dongle changes nothing on the inverter. If GridZeno has changed something, the dongle puts the inverter's own settings back, including your own charge limits.

See also PlanRead where you choose who is in control

The Growatt mode where the sun's power goes first to the battery and then to the house. With AC charging switched on, the battery is also charged from the grid to a stop state of charge in the time periods you set up.

See also Load First, Grid First, Grid chargingRead about Battery First

GridZeno's estimate of how much the sun will produce and how much the house will use, quarter hour by quarter hour. It's based on several weather services and on your system's own measurements.

See also PlanRead about the forecast

When the battery is charged with power from the grid instead of from the sun, for example because power is cheap now and expensive later, or because the price is negative. When GridZeno does this depends on your subscription and your strategy.

See also Negative electricity price, Hold the batteryRead when the battery may buy power

The Growatt mode for selling: the sun's power goes first to the house, then the rest is sold, and only then is the battery charged. The battery can also sell its power in the time periods you set up.

See also Load First, Battery First, Selling from the batteryRead about Grid First

The battery stands idle while the house buys cheap power, so the energy is there when power gets expensive later. GridZeno only holds when it pays off.

See also Plan, Grid chargingRead how the control decides

A ceiling on how much the system may sell to the grid. When you're in control yourself, you can set it from Home Assistant for 15 minutes to 12 hours. It isn't the same as Stop selling at negative prices.

See also Sale limit, Stop selling at negative pricesSee the guide to Home Assistant

The Growatt inverter's standard mode: the sun's power goes first to the house, then to the battery, and the rest is sold. The battery discharges to the house when the sun isn't enough, and is not charged from the grid.

See also Battery First, Grid FirstRead about Load First

GridZeno's choice for every quarter hour at least a day ahead: when the battery charges, is used, is held or sells. Every choice has a reason you can read.

See also Automatic and Manual, ForecastRead how the plan is made

Your own fixed limit for the control, for example "fully charged by 18:00" or "don't sell to the grid". A rule takes precedence over the plan. Pro only.

Read about your own rules

The battery sends power out to the grid in the best-paid quarter hours, but only when the trade pays off, and never below your battery reserve. Pro only, and the strategies Maximise self-consumption and Preserve the battery never sell.

See also Selling price, Battery reserveRead which strategies sell

The feature that stops selling to the grid when the selling price falls below your limit, and starts it again when it's above. The limit is DKK 0, and you can change it under Automatic. Smart and Pro.

See also Negative electricity price, Limit the saleRead about Stop selling at negative prices

The basic approach the plan follows: Balanced, Maximise self-consumption, Preserve the battery or Maximise savings. Balanced is the default, and Maximise savings requires Pro.

See also PlanRead about the four strategies